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Notes:


Questions asking “Where does “Adena” exist?” have counterparts in “Where does “Hopewell” exist?” In Ohio I consider valleys from the Great Miami on the west to the Muskingum drainage on the east, skipping over the Hocking, to be a reasonable choice for an Ohio Hopewell homeland. Significant variations exist in archaeological remains across and within these valleys. However one attribute they share is great monumental walled enclosures that contain more than ten acres. The narrow banks of the Hocking do not allow space for series of such enclosures. I assume these large monuments were built in the Hopewell Era. Is this true? Relatively recently field work to test this assumption has taken place, and Berle has been a part of this. He was a welcome participant in the initial work by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History at High Banks Earthworks (Greber 1999).