18. Sacral rib- articulates the sacral vertebrae to the pelvic girdle
19. Ilium- ossified and extends ventrally from its articulation with the sacral rib toward the acetabulum
20. Ischium- the ventral half of the pelvic girdle is a flat plate; the ischium is the posterior part of the this
21. Pubis- the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle plate; separated from the ischium by the obturator foramen
22. Femur- the largest bone in the hindlimb; has two ridges (cresta ventralis and cresta lateral) that provide attachment for muscles
23. Tibia- lies anteriorly in the crus
24. Fibula- lies posteriorly in the crus
25. Tarsals- six cartilaginous elements in the pes
26. Metatarsals- the proximal bone of each digit in the hindlimb
6. Trunk vertebra (lateral and anterior)- works together with the rectus abdominis muscle to support the viscera
7. Sacral vertebra (lateral and anterior)- articulates with the pelvic girdle by way of its ribs
8. Caudal vertebra- lack ribs; these vertebra have less articulation than do trunk vertebra, which allows for greater flexibility