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1. Skull- formed from a dermal skull roof, chondrocranium, and palatal
complex
2. Mandible- formed from the splanchnocranium and composed mostly of the large dentary bone; articulates with the upper jaw by Meckel’s cartilage 4. Visceral Arches- a series of gill bearing bones 5. Cervical vertebra- articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull and with the first of the long series of trunk vertebrae 6. Trunk vertebra (lateral and anterior)- works together with the rectus abdominis muscle to support the viscera 9. Precoracoid- present as an element of the coracoids in Necturus and some other Amphibia, and as a separate bone in many Reptilia 10. Scapula- a short bone that dorsally bears the suprascapular cartilage; the only ossified part of the pectoral girdle; lies dorsal to the glenoid fossa 11. Coracoid- forms a flat plate of cartilage over the ventral part of the pectoral girdle 12. Humerus- composed of cartilage on either end and a bony shaft 13. Radius- anteromedial bone of the forearm 14. Ulna- posterolateral bone of the forearm 15. Carpals- composed of six or seven cartilages in three rows 16. Metacarpals- the most proximal segment of each digit in the forearm 17. Phalanges- the most distally located bones in the forearms and hind limbs; there are four on each forearm and hind limb in the Necturus
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