Etnier, David A. and Wayne C. Starnes.  1993.  The Fishes of Tennessee.  The University of Tennessee Press.  Knoxville.

Kardong, Kenneth V. 2002.  Vertebrates Comparative  Anatomy, Function, Evolution.  McGraw-Hill.  New York, New York.

 Lab 5 – Anamniote Skulls.  11, April 2004.  Biology 453 – Comparative Vert. Anatomy.   
              http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/453/lab_notes/namniote-skull.htm.

New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation.  10, April 2004.
              http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/fish/fishspecs/unv/text.htm l#top

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