Department of Government, Law & International Affairs

Murray State University

Course:  POL 443        Credit hours: 3        Semester: Fall 2010

The President is the symbol of who the people of the United States
are. He is the person who stands for us in the eyes of the world
and the eyes of our children.  -  William J. Bennett

Nearly all men can stand adversity but if you want to test
a man's character, give him power.  -  Abraham Lincoln


   I.  Title:  The Executive Process

  II.  Course description:  A survey of executive powers at the national, state, and local levels with special emphasis on the office of the Presidency.

 III.  Instructor:  Dr. Winfield H. Rose
            Office location:  5A-10 Faculty Hall
            Phone numbers:  (270) 809-2662 (office); 753-0126 (home); 556-6342 (cell); 809-2688 (fax)
            E-mail:  winfield.rose@murraystate.edu
            URL:  http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/winfield.rose/main.htm
            Office hours:  9:30 - 10:30 a.m. MWF;  11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. TTh

 IV.  Class location, meeting time and language of instruction:  507 Faculty Hall, 2:00 - 3:15 p.m. TTh,  August 19 - December 2, 2010;  English (it is not necessary to press 1).

   V.  Content outline:  see Course Outline and Topics of Study.

  VI.  Required texts:  (1)  Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (any edition); (2) Raymond Tatalovich and Thomas Engeman, The Presidency and Political Science: Two Hundred Years of Constitutional Debate, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003; (3)  Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime, Fress Press, 2002.  Supreme Court opinions may be accessed via Findlaw.

 VII.  Instructional activities:  Classes will be a combination of discussion and lecture. Students should come to class with their assignment read and they should be prepared to answer as well as ask questions.  Class attendance is important and expected; roll be will taken every day. Use will be made of the Electronic Reserve at the Waterfield Library and of the internet for some class reading materials.  When your reading mentions court cases, use Findlaw to access them for further study.  You are also encouraged to watch appropriate programming on the A & E, Discovery, PBS, TLC, and History channels.  We might possibly take a voluntary day trip to Nashville some Saturday to see the Hermitage, the home of President Andrew Jackson.

VIII.  Academic honesty:  The policy statement on academic honesty adopted by the Board of Regents on February 14, 1975 and reprinted in the Undergraduate Bulletin is hereby incorporated into this syllabus.

IX.  Course requirements:  There will be two tests (September 30 and October 28) and a final exam at the officially designated time (December 8); these together will constitute 60% of your grade (20%@).  Your outside writing requirement, as prescribed below, will count as 20% of your grade.  Attendance (15%)  and class participation (5%) will form the basis of the final 20% of your course grade.

    X.  Other class policies:  You are asked not to: (1) have a cell phone or pager go off in class, or text message; (2) talk to one another when it is time for class to begin or after it has begun; (3) use a Walkman, iPod or similar apparatus; (4) wear caps in class; (5) eat in class; (6) be late habitually; (7) read or study other material or do homework for another class; or (8) leave or prepare to leave before class is dismissed.  Such activities will not be well received.  Drinking Cokes, Pepsis, coffee, etc., and laptops for taking notes are acceptable, but please turn off all cell phones and pagers when class begins.  The first time your cell phone disrupts class you will be asked to gather your things and leave for the day; the second time it disrupts class your departure will be permanent.

     
         Recording Class Sessions Policy:
  The surreptitious recording of class sessions is prohibited.  The recording of class sessions is permitted only with the advance consent of all persons being recorded.  Violation of this policy will result in expulsion from the course, a grade of E, and the invocation of university disciplinary procedures.  Also please note that young ladies and gentlemen do not post anonymous defamatory comments about the instructor in social media.

  XI.  Students with Disabilities:  The Office of Student Disability Services (OSDS) is designed to coordinate and administer services and accommodations for students with documented disabilities. In doing so, OSDS will review disability documentation, meet with students to determine appropriate reasonable accommodations, and work with other areas on campus to implement services.  Their goal is to provide individuals with disabilities access to programs, services, and activities at Murray State University.  Contact Information:  Velvet Wilson, Director, 423 Wells Hall, (270) 809-5737,
velvet.wilson@murraystate.edu

XII.  Equal Opportunity:  Murray State University endorses the intent of all federal and state laws created to prohibit discrimination. Murray State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age, veteran status, or disability in employment, admissions, or the provision of services and provides, upon request, reasonable accommodation including auxiliary aids and services necessary to afford individuals with disabilities equal access to participate in all programs and activities.  For more information, contact the Director of Equal Opportunity, 103 Wells Hall, (270) 809-3155 (voice), (270) 809-3361 (TDD), sabrina.dial@murraystate.edu.

XIII.  Prerequisites:  Junior standing, an inquiring mind, a desire to learn, and a willingness to work.

XIV.  Purpose and Objective:  To understand the origin, development, and current status of the executive process with primary emphasis on the American Presidency.

 XV.  General websites:

The White House
Presidency Research Group
Center for the Study of the Presidency
 American Memory: Historical Collections for the National Digital Library
American Presidents: Life Portraits
The Inaugural Classroom
The American Presidency
A Chronology of U. S. Historical Documents
Townhall's Congressional Resource Center
Presidential Libraries
Presidents of the United States
THOMAS: Legislative Information on the Internet
National Archives and Records Administration
Findlaw: U. S. Supreme Court Opinions
Character Above All: An Exploration of Presidential Leadership

Federal Law Pertaining to Presidential Elections and Controversies:
Title 3, United States Code, Chapter 1


Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
Public Law 107-243  -  October 16, 2002

I pray Heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this house and on all that shall hereafter
inhabit it.   May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof.
John Adams, Second President of the United States
Letter to his wife, Abigail, November 2, 1800
On moving into the White House
 

Course Outline and Topics of Study


       I.  Introduction:

            The United States Constitution, Articles I & II.  Amendments XII, XX, XXII, & XXV.
            Examine Internet Public Library: POTUS/Presidents of the United States.   Bookmark this website for frequent use.             
            Read and study the chapters on the Presidency and Executive Branch in your text from POL 140,  American National Government.
            Go to Court TV Law Links: Government Sites. and familiarize yourself with the agencies of the federal government via their websites.  Also familiarize yourself with the Office of the Federal                     Register and the official White House website.

     II.  The Theoretical Basis of Executive Power

            A. M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons, From Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Free Press 1964:  "The Three Pure Types of Legitimate Authority" et seq., pp.                     324-373, including "The Routinization of Charisma."   On electronic reserve at the Waterfield Library.
            Review Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Marsilius and Machiavelli from POL 261.

   III.  The American Presidency:

            (1) Ancestry

            "The Magna Carta and Its American Legacy" and the English Bill of Rights (find on internet).

            Review Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, John Locke's Second Treatise, chs. 8-15, and Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, book XI.

            Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, volume 1, book 1, chapter 6, "Of the King's Duties," and chapter 7, "Of the King's Perogative."

           (2)  Creation 

            Options: Decisions to be made (lecture); review Article II, United States Constitution.
            Alexander Hamilton, Federalist #’s 65-77.
            Tatalovich & Engeman, Introduction & chapter 1.

            (3)  Establishment:  Washington, the indispensable man

            Forrest McDonald, "Presidential Character: the Example of George Washington."  Perspectives on Political Science Summer 1997, v. 26 # 2, pp. 134-139.  On Ereserve.
            Seymour Lipset, "Establishing National Authority" in The First New Nation, 1963, pp. 15-23.  On Ereserve.
            POTUS (under Washington):  the Jay Treaty and Washington's Farewell Address.

            (4)  Jefferson and the Jeffersonians

            See Thomas Jefferson on Politics & Government.
            David Mayer, "By the Chains of the Constitution: Separation of Powers Theory and Jefferson's Conception of the Presidency."  Perspectives on Political Science, Summer 1997, v. 26 # 2, pp.                      140-148.  On electronic reserve.
            Winfield H. Rose, "Marbury v. Madison: How John Marshall Changed History by Misquoting the Constitution", PS: Political Science & Politics, April 2003, pp. 209-214;
            Read the Marbury opinion at 5 U.S. 137 (1803).   Access both via internet.
            Tatalovich & Engeman, ch. 2.
            

            (5) Jackson to Buchanan 

             See POTUS . . . . . . , especially Jackson's inaugural addresses, the nullification controversy, Trail of Tears.
             Jakcson's veto of the Second Bank of the United States (Avalon Project, Yale Law School, internet)
             President James K. Polk & the Mexican War
             Compromise of 1850, "Popular Sovereignty,"  Kansas-Nebraska Act.
             Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) and the coming of the Civil War.
                        
            (6) Preservation: The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
          
             See Lincoln under POTUS: especially the first and second inaugural addresses, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the Gettysburg Address.
            Doris Kearns Goodwin, "Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln."  Address to the Los Angeles World Affairs Council November 15, 2005.
                         Access via LAWAC website.  (This address is based on her book with the same title.)
            Winfield H. Rose, "The Challenges Lincoln Faced" (for sale at Copy Express).
            Geoffrey R. Stone, "Civil Liberties in Wartime."  Download from Journal of Supreme Court History November 2003 and read through the Civil War.
                           (Also on Ereserve at HLW Library)
             The History Place Presents Abraham Lincoln
            The U. S. Civil War 1861-1865
            Lincoln: A New Biography.  Interview with Prof. David Herbert Donald by David Gergen.
            Abraham Lincoln's Birthday: What Makes A Strong Leader?  (Prof. Donald responds to questions.)

(7) Age of the Lilliputians:  Johnson to McKinley

             Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 3.

            (8) Emergence of the Modern Presidency:  Theodore Roosevelt to Woodrow Wilson
            
            Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 4.
           

            (9) Return to "Normalcy":  Harding, Coolidge & Hoover


 Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 5.

           (10) Growth and Consolidation of the Modern Presidency
:  FDR to Ike
    
              John Ed Pearce, "Reflections on FDR on the 40th anniversary of his death."  Louisville Courier-Journal April 7, 1985.  Ereserve.
              William E. Leuchtenburg, “Why the Candidates Still Use FDR as Their Measure.”  American Heritage February 1988.  Ereserve.
              Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., “The Real Roosevelt Legacy.”  Newsweek October 14, 1996.   Ereserve.
             “Perhaps the most controversial decision of the 20th century was Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb.”  World War II July 1995.  Ereserve.
              Truman's dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur.
              Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 6.
       
            (11)  The Shakespearean Tragedies
: Kennedy to Carter
   
            Talalovich & Engeman, chapters 7 & 8.
      
            (12)  The Reagan Restoration

    
             Philip Abbott, "Leadership by Exemplar: Reagan's FDR and Thatcher's Churchill."  Presidential Studies Quarterly, v. 27 # 2, Spring 1997,
                      pp. 186-206.  Ereserve.
             Richard Neustadt, “Has the Cold War Been Won?”  Business & Public Affairs Fall 1991.  Ereserve.
      
      Michael Barone, "He Leaves a Surprisingly Grand Legacy."  U. S. News & World Report Commemorative Edition, June 2004, pp. 78-81.  Ereserve. 
             Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 9.

 (13)  The Presidency of Bill Clinton

             (14) The Age of Terror and the Presidency of George W. Bush 
            
             Finish Geoffrey R. Stone, "Civil Liberties in Wartime,"  op. cit.
             Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, SCOTUS #05-184; June 29, 2006.  This can be accessed several ways via the internet but be aware that the entire opinion,
                  including references and dissents, is 185 pages in length.
            Tatalovich & Engeman, chapter 10 & Conclusion.         

            (13)  Overview and Final Summation

           James Bryce, "Why Great Men Are Not Chosen Presidents," chapter 8 in The American Commonwealth, 1888.  Ereserve.
           Barbara Tuchman, "These Are Not The Times That Evoke Great Leadership."  U. S. News & World Report June 30, 1980, p. 51.  Ereserve.
           Forrest McDonald,  "Supreme Court Nominees: A Look At The Precedents."  Wall Street Journal, September 17, 1987, p. 30.  Ereserve.
           Davidson, Loeszek & Lee, "Advice and Consent for Judicial Nominees."  Chapter 12b in Congress and Its Members, CQ Press 2008.  Ereserve.
           Jason Bair, "Lessons Unlearned: The Pitfalls of Attempting to Influence Policy Through Strong Ideological Nominations to the Supreme Court."
                LBJ Journal of Public Affairs, Spring 2000, pp. 42-53.  Ereserve.
           G. Calvin Mackenzie, "The State of the Presidential Appointments Process."  Chapter One in G. Calvin Mackenzie, Innocent Until Nominated: The
                Breakdown of the Presidential Appointments Process, Brookings 2001, pp. 1-49.  Ereserve.
           Davidson, Oleszek & Lee, "Congress and the President," Chapter 10 in Congress and Its Members, CQ Press 2008, pp. 304-333.  Ereserve.
           Cal Jillson, "Government, the Economy, and Domestic Policy."  Chapter 14 in American Government: Political Change and Institutional Development,
               
any edition.  (This is your POL 140 textbook.)
           Frederic D. Schwarz and John Steele Gordon, "Why Presidents Have Lousy Second Terms."  American Heritage Blog, American Heritage.com,
                October 12, 2005.
           Justin D. Lyons, "Winston Churchill and the Rhetorical Challenges of Democratic Statesmanship."  Perspectives on Political Science,  v. 35 # 1,
               Winter 2006, pp. 4-13.   Ereserve.
           Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime.  Free Press, 2002.  Also, if time permits (which it probably
                  will not) Clinton Rossiter, The Supreme Court and the Commander-in-Chief  expanded edition, "with an introductory note and additional text
                  by Richard P. Longaker," Cornell University Press 1976 and/or William H. Rehnquist, All the Laws But One: Civil Liberties in Wartime,
                  Vintage Books, 1998.



Additional Resources:

Barbara Jordan, "Opening Statement to the House Judiciary Committee Proceedings on Impeachment of President Richard Nixon"
Independent Counsel/Special Prosecutor statute: 28 USC 40, 591-599.
Campaign finance and the Pendleton Act
Pendleton (Civil Service Reform) Act of 1883
Cancellation of Legislative Items Pursuant to Line Item Veto Act (Public Law 104-130)
Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798-1993
World War I
Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - World War II
Integration of the U. S. military:  Executive Order 9981
NATO Homepage
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The Gulf War: Go to THOMAS and click on 101st Congress, H. J. RES. 658.
Kyoto Protocol of 1997
For a critical analysis of the Kyoto Protocol, see Professor Patrick J. Michaels' testimony before the Committee on Small Business, U. S. House of Representatives July 29, 1998.
Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States (the Rumsfeld Commission) July15, 1998.  Enter Rumsfeld Commission into Yahoo.
National Political Index: Campaigns and Elections
Yahoo's U. S. Presidential Elections
John F. Kennedy, President-Elect.  "Address to the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts."  January 9, 1961.  (Access via POTUS)
Essays from Character Above All, edited by Robert A. Wilson, PBS, 1997.
                Doris Kearns Goodwin on Franklin D. Roosevelt
                David McCullough on Harry S. Truman
                Stephen E. Ambrose on Dwight D. Eisenhower
                Richard Reeves on John F. Kennedy
                Robert Dallek on Lyndon B. Johnson
                Tom Wicker on Richard M. Nixon
                James Cannon on Gerald Ford
                Hendrick Hertzberg on Jimmy Carter
                Peggy Noonan on Ronald Reagan
                Michael Beschloss on George Bush (41)

Final examination Tuesday, December 9, 1:30 p.m.,  507 FH.
 
 

Outside Writing Assignment:

Your outside writing assignment for POL 443 is to research and write a scholarly political science paper (not a history paper) on an appropriate topic pertaining to the executive process.  This paper should be at least 20 pages in length with text in #12 font, and should be done in a highly competent, professional manner.  It should be written according to the American Political Science Association style manual and in comformity with my handout "Tips on Good Writing" which can be accessed via my homepage.  Excessive errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation cannot be accepted.  The cornerstone concept here is the word scholarly; your assignment is not to write a lengthy op-ed piece or what is commonly called a "screed," but a scholarly paper that is worthy of presentation during Scholars' Week next spring, that is worthy of submission  in the annual Pi Sigma Alpha outstanding paper in political science competition, and that is worthy of submission  to Chrysalis.

While there is not much flexibility in the level of scholarship expected, there is considerable flexibility in the selection of topic.  Here you should select something that really interests you and that you will enjoy working on.  Some possible topics are listed below; narrow the list down to three or four and then come talk with me.   This list is not exhaustive, but if you wish to select another topic you definitely should discuss it with me beforehand.   The paper will be due November 11 (Veterans' Day).

The president and the press                                                     
Presidential scandals and how they were managed
The Johnson, Nixon and Clinton impeachments: a comparison.  Can any conclusions be drawn?
Presidential war powers as seen by the Supreme Court
Judicial nominations: successes and failures (To what extent have presidents been able to influence policy via their judicial nominations?)
Cabinet nominations: successes and failures
Evolution and current status of executive immunity
Executives and crisis management (Fort Sumpter, Pearl Harbor, Cuban Missile Crisis, 9/11, Katrina, etc. v. the great Galveston hurricane, San Francisco earthquake, etc)
Presidential vetoes
Presidential use (and abuse?) of executive clemency
Use and abuse of the special prosecutor
Presidential greatness (do presidents who have been state governors make the best presidents?)
Failed presidencies
The Lockean Prerogative
The War Powers Resolution of 1973
The president as party leader/chief fund-raiser/campaigner-in-chief
The president as chief diplomat
The president as chief economist
The president as commander-in-chief (Are presidents with prior military experience better commanders-in-chief?)
The president as chief legislator (Are presidents with prior Congressional experience better at getting their programs through Congress?)
Truman's dismissal of General MacArthur and the principle of civilian supremacy over the military
Which discipline, history or political science, has made the greater contribution to the study of the American presidency?
To what extent does recent scholarship on the presidency support Neustadt's thesis that presidential power is the power to persuade?
Is Bryce's thesis that great men do not become president still true today?
The dynamics by which a president changes the presidency and/or our (future) expectations of the presidency
What do presidents do when they are out of office (the president as former president)?
Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis: two presidents at the same time

The rise and fall of the Ottoman Caliphate
Gladstone/Disraeli/Lloyd-George/Chamberlain/Churchill/Thatcher/Blair
_______________ the Great (Elizabeth I, Peter, Catherine, Gregory, John Paul II)
The advantages and disadvantages of the presidential v. parliamentary forms of executive authority
Bismarck, Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, Franco, Tito, Castro, __________
Rudy Guiliani, mayor of the world
The American mayor
The American governor
The tribulations of Ernie Fletcher, Rod Blagoevitch, Gray Davis or _____________




 
 

Are all the laws, but one, to go unexecuted, and the government
itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated?
Abraham Lincoln

Aggressive fighting for the right is the noblest sport the world affords.
Theodore Roosevelt

The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Ask not what your country can do for you.  Ask what you can do for your country.
John F. Kennedy

If history teaches anything, it teaches that self delusion in the
face of unpleasant facts is folly.
Ronald Reagan

If we learned anything from World War II, we
learned that appeasement doesn't work.
George Bush

I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more
freedom and democracy - but that could change.
Al Gore